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Install Web Server

Install nginx​

Gunakan repo nginx dari Ondřej Surý

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/nginx -y
sudo apt update

Install nginx

sudo apt install nginx -y

Konfirmasi bahwa nginx telah terinstal:

nginx -v

Configure nginx​

Docs: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_core_module.html

Periksa CPU pada server (perhatikan jumlah corenya)

lscpu

Melihat batas jumlah file yang dapat dibuka / open file limit

ulimit -n

Buka nginx.conf

sudo nano /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

main Context​

Sesuaikan worker_processes (maksimal sejumlah CPU core)

user www-data; 
worker_processes 1;
pid /run/nginx.pid; 
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; 
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events Context​

Sesuaikan worker_connections (sejumlah open file limit) dan aktifkan multi_accept agar dapat menerima beberapa koneksi sekaligus:

worker_connections 1024;
multi_accept on;

http Context​

Basic Settings​

Default keepalive_timeout terlalu lama untuk WordPress yaitu 75s, set keepalive_timeout 15s

keepalive_timeout 15s;

Optimizing Performance for Serving Content
Docs: https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/web-server/serving-static-content/#optimizing-performance-for-serving-content
Set sendfile dan tcp_nopush on:

sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;

Set types_hash_max_size dan client_max_body_size

types_hash_max_size 2048;    
client_max_body_size 64m;

Agar tidak menampilkan informasi tentang nginx di response header, set server_tokens off

server_tokens off;

SSL Settings​

Biarkan apa adanya

ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

Logging Settings​

Biarkan apa adanya

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;

Gzip Settings​

Docs: https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_gzip_module.html

gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

Virtual Host Configs​

Biarkan apa adanya

include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;

Restart nginx​

Periksa apakah konfigurasi yang kita ubah aman

sudo nginx -t

Jika aman, restart

sudo service nginx restart

Hasil Perubahan​

Berikut isi nginx.conf setelah perubahan yang kita lakukan

user www-data;
worker_processes 1;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;

events {
        worker_connections 1024;
        multi_accept on;
}

http {    
    ##
    # Basic Settings
    ##

    keepalive_timeout 15;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    types_hash_max_size 2048;    
    client_max_body_size 64m;
    server_tokens off;

    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    ##
    # SSL Settings
    ##

    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

    ##
    # Logging Settings
    ##

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;

    ##
    # Gzip Settings
    ##

    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_proxied any;
    gzip_comp_level 6;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;

    ##
    # Virtual Host Configs
    ##

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

Install Certbot​

Install Certbot beserta plugin untuk nginx

sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt update
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Install PHP 8.3​

Gunakan repo PHP 8.3 dari Ondřej Surý

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php -y
sudo apt update

Install PHP 8.3 beserta paket-paket yang dibutuhkan oleh WordPress

sudo apt install php8.3-fpm php8.3-common php8.3-mysql \
php8.3-xml php8.3-intl php8.3-curl php8.3-gd \
php8.3-imagick php8.3-cli php8.3-dev php8.3-imap \
php8.3-mbstring php8.3-opcache php8.3-redis \
php8.3-soap php8.3-zip -y

Konfirmasi bahwa PHP 8.3 telah terinstal

php-fpm8.3 -v

Install MariaDB​

sudo apt install mariadb-server

Konfirmasi bahwa MariaDB telah terinstal

mariadb --version

Enable the MariaDB system service to start at boot time

sudo systemctl enable mariadb

Start MariaDB on your server

sudo systemctl start mariadb

View the MariaDB service status to verify that it's running on your server

sudo systemctl status mariadb

Secure the MariaDB Server​

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Isi prompt dengan jawaban berikut

  • Enter current password for root (enter for none):
    • [ENTER]
  • Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n]
    • n
  • Change the root password? [Y/n]
    • Y
  • Enter a new strong password for the root user.
    • [masukkan password]
  • Re-enter the new root user password and press Enter to save changes.
    • [masukkan ulang password]
  • Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]
    • Y
  • Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]
    • Y
  • Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]
    • Y
  • Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]
    • Y

Access MariaDB​

Log in to the MariaDB database server.

sudo mariadb -u root -p

masukkan password yang sudah dibuat sebelumnya

Download wp-cli.phar​

Docs: https://make.wordpress.org/cli/handbook/guides/installing/

Download wp-cli.phar menggunakan curl

curl -O https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wp-cli/builds/gh-pages/phar/wp-cli.phar

Periksa apakah bisa jalan

php wp-cli.phar --info

Jadikan executable dan pindahkan ke PATH (bin) agar bisa dijalankan dari mana saja

chmod +x wp-cli.phar
sudo mv wp-cli.phar /usr/local/bin/wp

Test hasilnya

wp --info